Polarisation

The fourth speaker in this ICA 2024 conference session is Ao Wu, presenting a moral spectrum analysis of the ‘carbon’ issue in the Global News Database. There is plenty of transnational communication about climate change-related issues, including the push for carbon neutrality, but the interests and positions of different countries vary widely, and exhibit complex value logics that might be analysed through moral foundation theory. This theory introduces five dimensions: care/harm, fairness/cheating, loyalty/betrayal, authority/subversion, and sanctity/degradation. For environmental issues, these might be integrated into three broader categories: pragmatism/idealism, responsibility/profit, innovation/conservation.

These might be analysed especially in constructive journalism content that …

The next speaker in this ICA 2024 conference session is Sujin Choi, presenting a stochastic actor-oriented modelling of shared-issue networks and personal news curation behaviours. The focus here is especially on issue publics, which pay particular attention to specific issues; this reflects the attention economy. But how do such issue publics come to be?

Issue publics might come to be because individuals have similar underlying interests; because they are unaware of other issues; or because of a manual filtering process. Such processes will be affected by their attention to issues (the monadic level); their awareness of other issues (the dyadic …

The next speaker in this ICA 2024 conference session is Harry Yan, whose begins by noting the increase of animosity and affective polarisation against opposing parties in the United States. What role do mass media play in this context? We already know that greater Internet use in itself is not to blame here: this has been shown by a range of studies already. More complex explanations need to be found.

The present study is interested in understanding active and interactive audiences through agent-based modelling – in doing so, this also moves beyond assumptions of passive mass media audiences in past …

The final paper in this ICA 2024 conference session is by Talia Stroud, who begins by noting that cross-cutting exposure is seen as normatively good – but exposure to cross-cutting views has also been found to potentially increase polarisation. Where such cross-cutting exposure takes place matters, then; cross-cutting exposure in inherently non-political spaces might be more productive here than it is in explicitly political spaces.

This links to intergroup contact theory (and, I assume, Ray Oldenburg’s concept of the third place), but in deeply bipolar nations such as the United States even the establishment of such non-political spaces might …

The next presenter at the ICA 2024 conference is Biying Wu-Ouyang, presenting a systematic review of research on cross-cutting exposure. Social media users are constantly exposed to cross-cutting views, and this can increase information exposure and thus depolarise opinions, but also increase polarisation by confronting them with out-group perspectives; there may also be no effect whatsoever.

What exactly happens here depends on a range of factors – such as sources, modality, or intentions of the cross-cutting exposure. Other attributes (measurement, design and sampling strategies, and local contexts) may also affect the results of individual studies.

The present study is reviewing …

The next speaker in this ICA 2024 conference session is Emily Van Duyn, whose interest is in the negotiation of the personal and political in romantic relationships in the United States. While this has been studied so far especially for persisting relationships (and might therefore be affected by survivor bias), the present study focusses on relationships that ended, whether for political or other reasons.

Personal identity is our view of ourselves, and informed by our personal values and beliefs; we negotiate this as we enter into relationships of all kinds. Especially in the US, this also strongly includes political identity …

The next presenter at the ICA 2024 conference is Heysung Lee, whose focus is on affective polarisation in multi-party systems. Affective polarisation has increasingly been recognised as an important factor, but has mainly been studied in bipolar political system like that of the United States, using tools like feeling thermometers; to assess it in multi-polar environments is more complicated. People might well have affective attachments to more than one party in such systems, and it may be necessary to find new methods to assess such attachments.

The present paper focusses on the experience in Colombia, and explores both the traditional …

The next session at the ICA 2024 conference is on polarisation, and starts with the great Helena Rauxloh. Her paper emerges from the POLTRACK project led by Lisa Merten, which builds on longitudinal Web tracking and survey data from some 4,000 participants in Germany. The key concept in this study is political efficacy, which is the feeling that political action has an impact on political processes. This divide into internal and external efficacy as experienced by individuals, and such efficacy mediates news exposure and political engagement. It is thus a precondition for political participation.

Another aspect to consider here is …

The next session at the ICA 2024 conference starts with a paper that my QUT Digital Media Research Centre colleague Dan Angus and I are presenting, so I’ll blog Dan’s part and then leave it to our slides to explain my contribution. Our work is part of a large project that investigates the dissemination of problematic, ‘fake news’ content on social media platforms.

We approached this by constructing a masterlist of some 2,300 problematic information domains which have been identified in past research, with a focus mostly on the United States, and building a research stack around that seed list …

The next speaker in this ICA 2024 conference session is Yifei Wang, whose interest is in political polarisation on TikTok. In the US, polarisation is especially also expressed through affective polarisation and results in political incivility. However, such incivility has been studied more commonly on text-based than video-based platforms; video-based platforms like TikTok remain severely understudied.

Incivility on TikTok might be driven by the high level of anonymity and algorithmic amplification on the platform, and is likely to reflect perpetrators’ partisan identity; this may also be asymmetric between Republicans and Democrats. Incivility is also perpetrated in order to gain social …