Polarisation

And the next speaker in this session at the 2026 International Communication Association conference in Cape Town is Henri Mütschele, who continues our focus on polarisation around climate movements. Polarisation research in the social sciences is still lacking in various ways: the role of media, the motives of individuals, the implications for social groups, and the impact on these groups strategic communication all still require further research, and such work is often focussed solely on explaining opinion change through conformity.

The law of group polarisation suggests that members of a deliberating group predictably move forwards a more extreme point indicated …

I am chairing the final session at the 2026 International Communication Association conference in Cape Town today, which is a partner association session on (de)polarisation featuring members of the German DGPuK, and we start with Rico Neumann. His interest is in the role of opinion leaders as potential agents of (de)polarisation of debates on climate change. Climate change debates tend to be highly controversial and depolarised in Germany and elsewhere, of course, and are also conducted across social media platforms and messaging apps; this enables both collective and connective action logics.

Climate discourse is highly emotional, polarised, and polarising, featuring …

The next speaker in this session at the 2026 International Communication Association conference in Cape Town is Lucas Paulo da Silva, who reminds us that media outlets tend to chase large audiences. But can they do this across two ideological dimensions: economic and cultural? This might include left conservatives or right progressives, for instance.

Politically invested media actors tend to have very strongly correlated positions across issues, and so do party systems; if outlets are responsible to both economic and cultural dimensions, then this might make them less correlated over time, and this might also happen dynamically in response to …

The next speaker in this session at the 2026 International Communication Association conference in Cape Town is Magdalena Wojcieszak, who is presenting work towards a news content quality classifier. The consumption of online news is diverse: people consume traditional news article,s blog content, YouTube news videos, news podcasts, and many different formats.

But how do we assess the quality of all this content? There are various different measures for this, and many of them are problematic, not least for their domain- rather than article-level assessments and their conflation of quality with ideological bias; some also include factuality and other features …

And the final presenter in this session at the 2026 International Communication Association conference in Cape Town is Eva-Maria Vogel, who begins by noting the significant deficit in political influencer support which had been identified for the US Democrats ahead of the 2024 presidential election; they actively sought to attract more influencers to their cause ahead of the election in order to combat the impact of Republican influencers.

Why do audiences believe political influencers, though? Audience perceptions of expertise, trustworthiness, and benevolence may all play a significant role here; perceived politician authenticity is also critical, of course, and may manifest …

The next speaker at the 2026 International Communication Association conference in Cape Town is Martin Riedl, whose interest is in the ethics of disclosure by political influencers, with particular focus on the United States. Here, regulations for influencers are highly idiosyncratic; influencers do play a substantial role as a pathway towards news, especially for younger users, and are seen as helping to unpack current political issues.

Political influencers are defined here very broadly, and include influencers driven both by personal, political, and monetary motivations. Such influencers are sometimes also directly supported by political lobby and funding groups, and this is …

The next session at the 2026 International Communication Association conference in Cape Town is on influencers and politics, and starts with a paper by Christian Pipal. Influencers are of course often also political communicators now, and especially reach young audiences who do not follow the mainstream news; usually non-political influencers are especially influential when they post political content, in fact.

But we still don’t know nearly enough about the vast bulk of influencers, especially at the micro- and nano-level of influence activity. It is also important to do more work on how such content travels, and how audiences engage with …

For the final paper in this session at the 2026 International Communication Association conference in Cape Town we are going back to Mykola Makhortykh, whose focus is on the role of generative AI in representing history-related information. The vast volumes of historical information mean that AI is increasingly used to process such materials, and in recent years there has been a considerable increase in end-users engaging with AI chatbots to explore historical information.

But LLMs also generate new textual and visual content, which can make historical material more accessible but also raises questions about the fabrication of facts and information …

The next speaker at the 2026 International Communication Association conference in Cape Town is Javier Amores, whose focus is on toxicity, hate speech, and engagement in Spanish parties’ tweets about gender and sexuality. Sexual and gender identity, sexual freedom, and related topics have been a matter of considerable debate in Spain, even though Spain has made great advances in liberalisation and inclusivity in recent years; there is a need to examine how this has affected how parties communicate about these issues on social media platforms, and what engagement this produces.

This project explores this for tweets between 2015 and 2023 …

My next session at the 2026 International Communication Association conference in Cape Town starts with a paper by Mykola Makhortykh, whose focus is on the political role of search engines. During the 2024 US election, Donald Trump claimed that Google search engines and autocomplete search recommendations were favouring Kamala Harris; but we know far too little still on how search engines select their search results, and what effects these may have on their users’ information environments.

This particular paper explores how algorithmically selected information might affect users; this is also dependent on how users formulate their search queries, of course …