The final speaker in this AoIR 2023 session is Allegra Rosenberg, whose interest is in fan art. This is now a big business, with fan-created fiction and fan-created imagery being provided for pay on various platforms. This is not uncontroversial, however; the fan site Archive of Our Own (AO3) has a long-standing ban against linking to for-profit sites, for instance.
But there has also been a slower commercialisation of fan content from the bottom up; this shows the increasingly normative acceptance of commercial exploitation. Fan sites for specific cultural phenomena are often run in collaboration with commercial interests, for instance …