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‘Fake News’

Approaching the Phenomenon of 'Dark Political Communication'

The final presenters at the P³: Power, Propaganda, Polarisation ICA 2024 postconference this evening are my QUT colleagues Stephen Harrington and Tim Graham, presenting a pilot project leading into a larger research project on ‘dark political communication’: expanding from a narrow focus on disinformation to examine the problematic communication strategies of political elites for political gain. One strategy in such communication is disinformative attacks: here, political actors make specific false claims regarding their political opponents, and manage to get these covered by journalists because journalism has a negativity bias, conflict bias, and/or an immediacy and timeliness bias. Such attacks seem to remain undertheorised in political communication literature.

Trumpism in the Online Sinosphere‽

The next speaker at the P³: Power, Propaganda, Polarisation ICA 2024 postconference is the fabulous Jing Zeng, whose focus is on Trumpism in the online Sinosphere. There was a lot of public animosity between presidents Trump and Xi during Trump’s term in office, but there also appears to be a surprising amount of support for Trump both within China as well as in the Chinese diaspora around the world. Chinese-Americans were one of the groups of Asian-Americans with the greatest amount of support for Trump, in fact.

Analysing Hizbullah Propaganda Strategies on Telegram and TV

And the afternoon session at the P³: Power, Propaganda, Polarisation ICA 2024 postconference starts with Tamer Farag, whose focus is on the communication strategies of Hizbullah in the polarised Lebanese media system (before the current escalation of violence in the region). Over the past decades, we’ve moved from optimism to pessimism about the role of social media in political communication, with plenty of evidence on the problematic uses of social media by autocratic regimes and anti-democratic groups.

Interconnections between Problematic Information and Polarisation

And the final speaker in this session at the P³: Power, Propaganda, Polarisation ICA 2024 postconference is the fabulous Giada Marino, presenting outcomes from the Italian I-POLHYS project led by Laura Iannelli which researched polarisation in hybrid media’s systems. A key focus of the project was on the potential interconnections between problematic information and mass polarisation; it began with a systematic literature review on these connections, which focussed on some 68 relevant articles (out of a much larger number that used these terms as buzzwords but did not operationalise them in any rigorous way, or confused them with other concepts).

Mapping the Literature on Populism

The next speakers at the P³: Power, Propaganda, Polarisation ICA 2024 postconference are my QUT colleague Sebastian Svegaard and Samantha Vilkins, presenting the emerging findings from an ongoing literature review of the concept of populism, continuing on from our review of the polarisation concept. Contrary to polarisation, populism is rather more clearly defined, with works by Mudde and Laclau emerging as particularly central if somewhat competing definitions.

Understanding Propaganda as a Social Process

The next speaker at the P³: Power, Propaganda, Polarisation ICA 2024 postconference is Christian Baden, whose focus is on propaganda a as social process. Much of the work on propaganda remains very technical, and there is a need to move beyond this; propaganda is now again a major topic in research, with work having increased substantially since the mid-2010s. But it should not be equated simplistically with mis- and disinformation or ‘fake news’, or addressed only through fact-checks; this alone is not going to work.

Defining the Symptoms of Destructive Polarisation

I’ve stepped in as the presenter of the second paper in this opening session at the P³: Power, Propaganda, Polarisation ICA 2024 postconference – unfortunately my colleague Katharina Esau, who was meant to present today, has fallen ill. The work we are presenting here is one of the early conceptual outcomes of my current Australian Laureate Fellowship on partisanship and polarisation, and both explores the concept of polarisation as current literature from a variety of fields describes it, and outlines five key symptoms of what we define as destructive polarisation that require further scholarly attention and empirical analysis.

The slides for the paper are above, and a pre-print article which addresses these concepts in much more detail is also available already.

Reconceptualising Counter-Knowledge Orders

It’s Wednesday in Brisbane, and I’m at the P³: Power, Propaganda, Polarisation ICA 2024 postconference at the QUT Digital Media Research Centre which I co-organised with the wonderful Jessica Gabriele Walter, Anja Bechmann, and Daniel Kreiss; we start our first plenary session with Florian Primig.

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