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The next speaker in this session at the AoIR 2025 conference is the great Bruna Paroni, whose focus is on visual political communication on Instagram during Brazil’s 2024 local elections. These took place two years after the deeply polarising presidential elections, and the subsequent Bolsonarist coup attempt; the focus of the present study is especially on how these elections unfolded in São Paulo with its population of nine million registered voters.

In preparation, the Brazilian Electoral Court had made arrangements with several major platform providers to safeguard the elections, and indeed this led one mayoral candidate to be suspended several …

The next speaker in this session at the AoIR 2025 conference is Camilla Tavares, whose focus is on the posts of Brazilian congresswomen who spoke out on Instagram about a proposed constitutional amendment that sought to prohibit legal abortion. Brazil has historically had a high level of gender inequality in parliamentary representation; even though it elected a record number of female representatives in the past election, still only 91 of 513 representatives in the federal parliament are female, and a substantial number of them hold highly conservative positions.

A proposed constitutional amendment in 2024 sought to establish a right to …

The second presenter in this session at the AoIR 2025 conference is Felipe Soares, whose focus is on the Bolsonarist coup attempt in Brazil on 8 January 2022. This occurred after Bolsonaro’s close election loss in November 2022, which Bolsonaro disputed and which led his supporters to call for military intervention. By now, Bolsonaro has been sentenced to 27 years in prison for this coup attempt.

These events can be seen as a clear sign of deep-set destructive polarisation in Brazil: there is a breakdown of communication between the sides, an emotional exclusion of others, and a dismissal of information …

The final session today at the AoIR 2025 conference starts with my excellent QUT colleague Tariq Choucair, who begins by introducing the challenge of assessing polarisation: there are many different definitions of polarisation, which require different measures of assessment. Most current methods fail to sufficiently distinguish between these types of polarisation.

Tariq is therefore proposing a new approach to assessing polarisation, which he has applied to the study of national electoral contests in Australia, Brazil, Denmark, and Peru. The focus here is to identify polarising rhetoric, including campaign attacks, and polarisation in broader public debates.

The method focusses especially on …

The final speaker in this session at the AoIR 2025 conference is Jaime Lee Kirtz, who begins by focussing on the concept of craft; this can been used as a metaphor in understanding computational media, too, where software is crafted. Craft is also often a form of resistance, as with the crafting of pussy hats in the later 2010s, for instance.

This project examines platforms such as Etsy, Ravelry, and Folksy where crafts can be shared and commercialised; they are amongst the larger such sites in the Global North. Such sites have also been used for the circulation of information …

The second speaker in this session at the AoIR 2025 conference is the great Raul Ferrer-Conill, whose focus is on government strategies for protecting citizens’ rights to their user data. This has become particularly critical in the context of generative AI, which uses user data to train Large Language Models; additionally, there is also the constant datafication of citizens in many other contexts.

This is being addressed in part through Data Protection Officers (PDOs): these are tasked with taking care of and championing data privacy. Who are these people, and what are their tasks? Is there alignment between policies and …

In the next session at the AoIR 2025 conference I was part of an excellent roundtable on data access organised by Fabio Giglietto and featuring Jessica Yarin Robinson, Josephine Lukito, Richard Rogers, and me, which of course I didn’t blog; for the first post-lunch session I’m in a session on strategies and tactics that starts with Leandro Augusto Borges Lima. His focus is on the Mexican band The Warning, which consists of three sisters from Monterrey; through playing the video game Rock Band they became interested in rock’n’roll and went viral when they posted a Metallica cover on YouTube in …

The final speaker in this session at the AoIR 2025 conference is my QUT colleague Dan Angus, presenting our work on AI chatbots’ responses to conspiracist ideation. Ai chatbots are now widely used by everyday users; this is leading to a range of problematic outcomes, as people are being drawn into deep emotional relationships with such chatbots, for instance. Chatbots are also increasingly manipulated to represent distinct ideological perspectives.

Here are our slides:

What happens, then, when chatbots are asked specifically about conspiracy theories? What guardrails and safety mechanisms, if any, are in place in leading …

The third presenter in this session at the AoIR 2025 conference is Shupei Yuan, whose interest is in the way that AI chatbots influence risk perception and decision making during times of crisis. In some such crises, such as natural disasters, people might find out about the current situation via emergency alerts, but are perhaps unsure about the correct course of action to take. This requires a short-term decision-making process that deals with the immediate threat.

AI chatbots may be used in such contexts; the Red Cross had an AI chatbot called Clara during the COVID-19 pandemic, for instance, but …

The next speaker in this session at the AoIR 2025 conference is Muira McCammon, whose focus is on AI chatbots, and particularly a chatbot called Stella, and its use in higher education. Unusually, this is a rule-based chatbot rather than a completely generative AI system. This and other chatbots are now also increasingly used by undergraduate students in higher education, and even embedded in university Websites; the implications of this still need to be understood.

Stella was brought onto campus at Tulane University in October 2023, unbeknownst to teaching staff themselves, and asks students two simple questions: how are you …