Blog

The final speaker in this AoIR 2023 session is Eviane Leidig, whose interest is in content moderation. She notes the focus on the decision-making by platforms in content moderation studies; this usually fails to intersect with studies of counter-terrorism and counter-violent extremism online. Approaches to CT and CVE tend to encapsulate specific ideological positionings, too, that need to be better acknowledged.

Online CT and CVE approaches were shaped especially in a post-9/11 world and represent the power dynamics of their industry; platform moderation that addresses such phenomena is informed by a larger ecosystem of governance that occupies a disproportionate area …

The third speaker in this AoIR 2023 session is Jessie Daniels, who begins by suggestion that we are in a genocidal moment in the United States and around the world. There is a need to combat the rise of the far right – yet much of the research that engages with the far right still merely studies it, rather than developing approaches to fighting it.

One of the transitions that need to happen here is to develop a greater focus on far-right governments: the far-right is no longer simply opposed to the state, but in a number of cases – …

The next speaker in this session at AoIR 2023 is Bharath Ganesh, whose particular focus is on the long-standing white nationalist site Stormfront. How does community work here – indeed, can it be understood as an online community or might it be better understood as a networked public?

What is important about online communities is that over time they develop, create, and codify group-specific meanings and norms; much of this is also about the constriction and maintenance of symbolic boundaries between the in- and out-groups. This may involve a diacritical (us vs. them) axis and a moral (good vs …

The post-lunch session at AoIR 2023 starts with a panel on the far right, and I’ll be slightly distracted as I’m also keeping an eye on the second half of the Hannover 96 – FC Magdeburg match, but let’s see how we go. We’re starting with Mathilda Åkerlund, whose interest is in the racialisation of sexual assault reports from Sweden by the US far-right.

Sweden has losing had a very positive international image, and ranks highly globally in quality of life, social welfare, and other indices – yet the international far right has attempted to reconfigure this image to claim …

The final speaker at this AoIR 2023 session is Zelly Martin, whose focus is on the female spreaders of health disinformation. This is also in the context of the US Supreme Court’s decision to undermine the right to abortion in the United States, which is part of a long history of activism against abortion, birth control, and female reproductive rights. These in turn are motivated in part by the racist fear that white people in the US are going to be replaced by people of colour, which sees reproductive rights as a vehicle for this so-called ‘Great Replacement’.

Such conspiracy …

The next speaker in this fascinating AoIR 2023 session is Yvonne Eadon, whose interest is in the subscription-based streaming platform Gaia.com, the self-declared ‘Netflix of consciousness-raising media’. She describes this as a kind of conspirituality capitalism, which is perhaps accidentally encountered by people searching for life advice and spiritual content. It features plenty of ‘alternative spirituality’ and ‘unexplained phenomena’ content alongside material on yoga practice, and thus appears to deliberately create a yoga-to-conspiracy pipeline.

Gaia started as a yoga equipment retailer initiated by a Czech entrepreneur, but moved more and more into streaming content, including costly in-person live-streamed events …

The next presenter in this AoIR 2023 session is Kamile Grusauskaite, whose interest is in the deplatforming of mis- and disinformation – the removal of accounts for breaking platform rules, for instance on disinformation or hate speech. This has particularly targetted conspiracy theorists, yet such conspiracists still spread on alternative media or find ways to circumvent prohibitions on mainstream media.

Conspiracy theories can be understood as a form of stigmatised knowledge, and represent a form of deviance on the Internet. Kamile researched this through an ethnographic approach, tracing conspiracy theorists’ moves across platforms and attending two US conspiracist conventions, where …

The next session at AoIR 2023 that I’m in is on conspiracies, and starts with Elisabetta Zurovac, whose focus is on COVID-19 conspiracy theories. These seek to undermine trust in the established science and mainstream media coverage, and this is related to a broader erosion of trust in established knowledge. They encourage people to ‘do their own research’ and are often building also in important ways on visual content.

The visual culture of conspiracy theories draws in important ways also on screenshotting practices: images produced by screen capturing functions on digital devices which claim a certain documentary nature and appeal …

The final speaker in this AoIR 2023 session is Allegra Rosenberg, whose interest is in fan art. This is now a big business, with fan-created fiction and fan-created imagery being provided for pay on various platforms. This is not uncontroversial, however; the fan site Archive of Our Own (AO3) has a long-standing ban against linking to for-profit sites, for instance.

But there has also been a slower commercialisation of fan content from the bottom up; this shows the increasingly normative acceptance of commercial exploitation. Fan sites for specific cultural phenomena are often run in collaboration with commercial interests, for instance …

The next speaker in this AoIR 2023 session is Kyle Moody, who shifts our focus to branding and consumption markets in cultures; much fandom is tied up with such branding activities. In particular, the focus here is on Twitch, where affective labour and fan work collides with the gig economy of media content creation.

Twitch has made the individual easier to reach (and achieve reach) than ever before; most streamers are not backed by major gaming companies, but act as single agents who create gaming broadcast content and in doing so must adopt and follow certain performance practices: this may …