Journalism

The next speaker in this IAMCR 2024 session is April Zhou, whose focus is on visual bias in Hong Kong fact-checkers’ gatekeeping processes. Fact-checking is of course one major response to the challenge of mis- and disinformation, and many fact-checkers have established strategies for the selection and investigation of problematic claims that require fact-checking. Such standardised approaches also serve to legitimise fact-checking organisations, and they can be understood as a kind of gatekeeping practice.

How do fact-checkers select the claims they will address, then? Key factors are empiricism (claims must relate to facts, not opinions); objectivity (avoiding selection biases); and …

And the final speaker in this full session at IAMCR 2024 is Dorismilda Flores-Márquez, who shifts our focus to the presidential campaign in Mexico. This was the first time the election was a contest between two women candidates – a major step in the country.

The interest here is in the structuring of political rallies in a hybride media context. These are predominantly face-to-face activities, but also produced for mainstream and social media coverage, and the logics of these hybrid media contexts now shape their structure and designs.

The project explored this through ethnography and grounded theory; it performed participant …

The final speaker in this IAMCR 2024 session is Constanza Ortega Gunckel, whose interest is in the coverage of the Chilean wildfires in 2024. Chile regularly experiences such fires in February, but the 2024 fires were exceptional in their extent and death toll; this also increased Chileans’ need for information.

Social media – and especially also Instagram – were especially critical here, and Instagram users also posed questions towards the media to better understand what was going on here. The present project examined such news coverage and user comment in Instagram from the perspective of a dramatic curve in the …

The next speaker in this IAMCR 2024 session is Nermine Aboulez, whose focus is on global reactions to the 2023 Israeli-Palestine war. The current war is of course only the latest escalating in a conflict that has been going on for more than 70 years; it began with Hamas’s surprise attack and kidnapping of Israelis, and escalated with the start of Israel’s still ongoing war in Gaza.

The conflict has been covered extensively in the media, and part of the focus here is especially on the US media. Media can play a role in escalating or deescalating conflicts, not least …

The second presenter in this IAMCR 2024 session is Hao Jiang, who begins his presentation like a news anchor. His interest is in the news media coverage of the Abu Sayyaf terrorist group in the Philippines. This draws on the World Risk Society (not sure what this means), which influences how the UPI newspaper reports on the terrorist group.

This project conducted a content analysis of UPI’s coverage of the terrorists’ activities, exploring especially how these activities are labelled. They are described most often as extremists when they conduct kidnappings, but as terrorists when they engage in more …

The final session at IAMCR 2024 today starts with Yuxuan Wang, whose interest is in the journalistic coverage of the Russian war on Ukraine since the full-scale invasion in 2022. A particular focus here is on the increasing use of nuclear threats by Russian propaganda, and the way this has been addressed in journalistic coverage in the US, UK, and China.

This study explores this from a framing perspective, with particular attention to war and peace journalism frames. Peace journalism emphasises non-violent conflict resolution, while war journalism emphasises military conflict; these differences also come to the fore in the reporting …

And the final speaker in this IAMCR 2024 session is Ferruh Yılmaz, whose interest is in far-right strategies for dealing with Critical Race Theory. He begins by noting the differences between culture and policy: people attach themselves to broader political and social identities at least as much as they do to good policies on specific issues.

Far-right populism builds on this by weaponising an affective rhetorical strategy: it promotes moral panics about cultural and moral issues that channels people’s diffused anxieties into a sense of unity against social elites, which transforms their ontological vision of society into a perception of …

The next speaker in this IAMCR 2024 session is Debadatta Chakraborty, whose focus is on the transnational authoritarianism of the Indian Hindutva movement. Indeed, the movement has been pushing for the replacement of the colonial name ‘India’ with the term ‘Bharat’, a traditional Hindu name for the country.

The Hindutva project is exemplified for instance by the new Ram temple in Ayodhya, which was built for an extraordinary amount of money on stolen land that previously belonged to a mosque that was burnt down by Hindu nationalists in the 1990s. The completion of the temple was celebrated by Hindutva activists …

The post-lunch session at IAMCR 2024 starts with the great Christian Baden, who begins by noting that propaganda has become a substantially growing concern again in recent years. Propaganda is more than just ‘fake news’, of course: it may provide actual facts, but out of context or with a biased spin, for example, and false information is often only used around the margins to enhance the propagandistic effect and establish epistemic authority.

Propaganda is therefore defined here as strategically planned public communication on political issues that claims a monopoly of truth and delegitimises dissent. This extends well beyond specific contexts …

And the final speaker in this IAMCR 2024 session is Xiaohao He, whose interest is in ‘news finds me’ perceptions and its relationship with news efficacy perceptions. She begins, unfortunately, by highlighting the now debunked concept of ‘echo chambers’, and points out that existing studies of this often neglect news consumption practices – not least, the process of passive news consumption where individuals do not actively seek news, but instead rely on peers and algorithms for their information. Individuals with higher levels of passivity in news engagement tend to be more likely to believe in disinformation and have lower level …