The final presenters at the P³: Power, Propaganda, Polarisation ICA 2024 postconference this evening are my QUT colleagues Stephen Harrington and Tim Graham, presenting a pilot project leading into a larger research project on ‘dark political communication’: expanding from a narrow focus on disinformation to examine the problematic communication strategies of political elites for political gain. One strategy in such communication is disinformative attacks: here, political actors make specific false claims regarding their political opponents, and manage to get these covered by journalists because journalism has a negativity bias, conflict bias, and/or an immediacy and timeliness bias. Such attacks seem …
Up next at the P³: Power, Propaganda, Polarisation ICA 2024 postconference are my QUT colleagues Kate O’Connor-Farfan and Ehsan Dehghan, whose interest is in connecting the theories of agonism and antagonism by Laclau and Mouffe with the social semiotics of Landowski; both are rooted in post-structural social semiotics, but advance in different directions.
Laclau and Mouffe distinguish between two kinds of antagonism: between enemies, attempting to eliminate the other – genuine antagonism; or between adversaries, aiming to sublimate differences – which is then better described as agonism. But it remains difficult to operationalise such theoretical concepts, and other conceptual tools …
The next speaker at the P³: Power, Propaganda, Polarisation ICA 2024 postconference is the fabulous Jing Zeng, whose focus is on Trumpism in the online Sinosphere. There was a lot of public animosity between presidents Trump and Xi during Trump’s term in office, but there also appears to be a surprising amount of support for Trump both within China as well as in the Chinese diaspora around the world. Chinese-Americans were one of the groups of Asian-Americans with the greatest amount of support for Trump, in fact.
The e-commerce platform Taobao sells Buddha figures with Trump’s face, for example; such …
The final P³: Power, Propaganda, Polarisation ICA 2024 postconference session for today starts with Susan Grantham, whose focus is on the political uses of TikTok. Here, she is focussing especially on the use of the platform by individual politicians in the last Queensland election – which continued even though there were increasing moves to ban the platform in Australia, especially by political actors.
Susan’s study explored the political uses by the past Queensland Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk and new Premier Steven Miles (both Labor), and opposition leader David Crisafulli (LNP); their videos were analysed for their immediacy, consistency, and ordinariness; their …
The next speaker at the P³: Power, Propaganda, Polarisation ICA 2024 postconference is Henri Mütschele, whose focus is on the interplay between traditional and social media in positional polarisation. What are the opinion dynamics in networked publics? This project focusses on positional or ideological polarisation, two concepts which are often used synonymously, and sees polarisation as a process in which positional distances between two entities are growing.
Such polarisation need not be symmetrical between the groups involved, and can be measured along two dimensions: along a left-right political scale and along a GAL-TAN scale that examines the political values of …
The next speaker in this P³: Power, Propaganda, Polarisation ICA 2024 postconference session is Ruth Moon, whose focus is on the role of journalists as authoritarian actors. Journalists have an important democratic role to play, but this is complicated when they work within authoritarian regimes, and democracy can decline even in countries where there is relatively high media freedom. Further, of course, ‘media’ is not a monolithic entity: media are themselves diverse and have various understandings of and approaches to democracy.
This means that we need to unpack the idea of ‘free media’ and examine the ways in which journalistic …
And the afternoon session at the P³: Power, Propaganda, Polarisation ICA 2024 postconference starts with Tamer Farag, whose focus is on the communication strategies of Hizbullah in the polarised Lebanese media system (before the current escalation of violence in the region). Over the past decades, we’ve moved from optimism to pessimism about the role of social media in political communication, with plenty of evidence on the problematic uses of social media by autocratic regimes and anti-democratic groups.
But the understanding of social media communication also requires a perception of the local context: in a region beset with civil and other …
And the final speaker in this session at the P³: Power, Propaganda, Polarisation ICA 2024 postconference is the fabulous Giada Marino, presenting outcomes from the Italian I-POLHYS project led by Laura Iannelli which researched polarisation in hybrid media’s systems. A key focus of the project was on the potential interconnections between problematic information and mass polarisation; it began with a systematic literature review on these connections, which focussed on some 68 relevant articles (out of a much larger number that used these terms as buzzwords but did not operationalise them in any rigorous way, or confused them with other concepts) …
The next speakers at the P³: Power, Propaganda, Polarisation ICA 2024 postconference are my QUT colleague Sebastian Svegaard and Samantha Vilkins, presenting the emerging findings from an ongoing literature review of the concept of populism, continuing on from our review of the polarisation concept. Contrary to polarisation, populism is rather more clearly defined, with works by Mudde and Laclau emerging as particularly central if somewhat competing definitions.
These variously define populism as a thin-centred ideology (Mudde) and discursive opposition between the elites and the people (Laclau); such definitions have been applied to populist phenomena in media, medicine, religion, and other …
The next speaker at the P³: Power, Propaganda, Polarisation ICA 2024 postconference is Christian Baden, whose focus is on propaganda a as social process. Much of the work on propaganda remains very technical, and there is a need to move beyond this; propaganda is now again a major topic in research, with work having increased substantially since the mid-2010s. But it should not be equated simplistically with mis- and disinformation or ‘fake news’, or addressed only through fact-checks; this alone is not going to work.
False information is only a small part of propaganda: propaganda is systemic, disseminated by actors …
